View source for A'nger textile

= Tiv A’nger Textile =

[[File:Tiv Anger cloth Nigeria.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Traditional Tiv A’nger cloth with black-and-white striping]]

'''A’nger''' (also spelled ''Anger'' or ''Anger cloth'') is a traditional handwoven textile of the Tiv people of central Nigeria, particularly in Benue State. Recognized for its bold black-and-white striped pattern, A’nger functions as a powerful symbol of Tiv identity, unity, and cultural continuity.

The cloth is worn during ceremonies, festivals, and political gatherings and is widely regarded as a visual emblem of Tiv heritage.

== Geographic Distribution ==
A’nger textile production is centered in:

* Benue State – primary Tiv homeland
* Gboko, Makurdi, and surrounding communities
* Tiv diaspora communities across central Nigeria

The textile is closely associated with the broader Tiv cultural region.

== Etymology ==
The term '''A’nger''' refers to the distinctive striped cloth traditionally worn by Tiv people. The name is associated with the visual pattern rather than a specific weaving technique.

== Materials ==
Traditional A’nger cloth is woven from:

* Cotton (historically handspun)
* Commercial cotton yarn (modern practice)
* Synthetic yarns (contemporary adaptations)

The characteristic black color is traditionally produced using natural dyes, while white areas remain undyed.

== Loom and Weaving Technique ==
A’nger cloth is woven using a horizontal narrow-strip loom operated primarily by men. Key features include:

* Narrow-strip weaving later joined into larger panels
* Warp-faced striping created through alternating yarn colors
* Dense weave for durability
* Assembly into wrappers, shawls, and garments

The technique is structurally similar to other West African strip-weaving traditions but is distinguished by its stark monochrome design.

== Pattern and Aesthetic ==
The defining feature of A’nger cloth is its:

* Alternating black and white stripes
* High contrast visual rhythm
* Minimal use of additional colors
* Emphasis on unity through repeated pattern

The monochrome scheme symbolizes collective identity and social cohesion.

== Cultural Significance ==
A’nger cloth plays a central role in Tiv cultural life:

* Worn during festivals, dances, and political events
* Symbol of Tiv unity and ethnic pride
* Used in rites of passage and community gatherings
* Associated with leadership and social responsibility

The cloth has become an emblem of Tiv solidarity, especially in modern political and cultural contexts.

== Gender Roles and Production ==
Traditional roles include:

* Men – loom operation and strip weaving
* Women – spinning, finishing, sewing panels, and trade
* Families – cooperative craft production

Women play an important role in marketing and distribution.

== Historical Development ==
Key historical phases include:

* Pre-colonial period – local cotton production and weaving
* Colonial era – increased availability of commercial yarn
* Post-independence – emergence of A’nger as a political symbol
* Contemporary period – use in cultural festivals and identity movements

The textile’s role expanded from everyday wear to a powerful ethnic symbol.

== Economic Role ==
A’nger production supports livelihoods through:

* Household weaving enterprises
* Cultural festivals and ceremonial demand
* Sales to diaspora communities
* Use in political and cultural events

The cloth contributes to both subsistence and symbolic economies.

== Modern Adaptations ==
Contemporary developments include:

* Machine-spun yarn for efficiency
* Production of scarves, bags, and modern garments
* Integration into Nigerian fashion design
* Use in cultural branding and tourism

These adaptations help sustain the tradition while expanding its visibility.

== Preservation and Challenges ==
Challenges include:

* Competition from factory-printed imitations
* Declining number of skilled weavers
* Reduced youth participation
* Rising costs of materials

Preservation efforts include cultural festivals, community initiatives, and heritage education.

== See Also ==
* [[Tiv culture]]
* [[West African strip weaving]]
* [[Nigerian Traditional Dress]]

[[Category:Nigeria]]
[[Category:Tiv culture]]
[[Category:Textiles]]
[[Category:Handwoven fabrics]]
[[Category:Strip weaving]]